Extrinsic uncertainty is effective at a competitive equilibrium. This is generic if spot markets are inoperative: the only objects of exchange are assets for the contingent delivery of commodities; and the asset market is incomplete. The structure of payoffs of assets may allow for non-trivial...

In a incomplete asset market, firms compute the value of production plans by approximating them with the payoffs of portfolios of marketed assets; equivalently, by projecting their payoffs on the span of the payoffs of marketed assets; equivalently, they apply the capital asset pricing model.

At a Nash-Walras equilibrium, individuals exchange commodities competitively, and, simultaneously, they interact strategically. Under standard assumptions, Nash-Walras equilibria exist, equilibrium profiles of actions are, typically, determinate byt Pareto suboptimal, though not constrained...

An elementary proof of the existence of a competitive equilibrium is given for economies where the weak axiom of revealed preference or the gross substitution property hold. It is shown by an induction argument that in these cases, the problem is reduced to the question of the existence of an...

This argues for a closer link between the modelling of the long-run relations in applied economics and the intertemporal equilibrium notion from economic theory.