Purpose: Both short sellers and margin traders believe in active investment. However, they have the opposite opinions about the prediction of future share price direction: while short sellers are those who predict future price declines, investors buying on margin are those who predict future...

This paper presents unprecedented exchange rate forecasting results, based upon a new model that approximates the gap between the fundamental equilibrium exchange rate and the actual exchange rate with the long-maturity forward exchange rate. The theoretical derivation of our forecasting...