Die Theorie des Wettbewerbs als Entdeckungsverfahren behauptet, daß die Ergebnisse des Wettbewerbes nicht vorhergesagt werden können, weil hierzu Tatsachen benötigt würden, die durch ihn erst entdeckt werden sollen. Dann wäre es allerdings unmöglich, Aussagen über Wettbewerb empirisch zu...

Upon observing a signal, a Bayesian decision maker updates her probability distribution over the state space, chooses an action, and receives a payoff that depends on the state and the action taken. An information structure determines the set of possible signals and the probability of each...

The paper studies monopoly pricing of a vertically differentiated durable good in a two-period model. It provides an explanation for seemingly unusual practice of a firm selling a "degraded good," arguing that the presence of Coasian dynamics may lead to the sale of the degraded good that is not...

In a Bayesian game players play an unknown game. Before the game starts some players may receive a signal regarding the specific game actually played. Typically, information structures that determine different signals, induce different equilibrium payoffs.In zero-sum games the equilibrium payoff...

This paper surveys the notion of common knowledge taken from game theory and computer science. It studies and illustrates more generally the effects of interactive knowledge in economic and social problems. First of all, common knowledge is shown to be a central concept and often a necessary...

Given an information structure a function that measures how the inferences made by the agents spread among the states is defined; it specifies for each event its impact at each state, for each agent. Several properties are established.

Several authors have observed that in interactive decision frameworks, welfare is not monotonic with information in the sense that more information can make agents worse off. This contrasts with Blackwell’s comparison of statistical experiments in which more information can only make the...

We analyze what can be inferred about a game's information structure solely from the probability distributions on action profiles generated during play; i.e., without reference to special behavioral assumptions or equilibrium concepts. Our analysis focuses on deriving payoff-independent...

This paper investigates the strategies of a data broker in selling information to one or to two competing firms that can price-discriminate consumers. The data broker can strategically choose any segment of the consumer demand (information structure) to sell to firms that implement third-degree...