We estimate the social and private costs of consumer-to-business payments in Sweden in 2009. The combined social cost for these payments was 0.68 per cent of GDP. At the point of sale, cash is socially less costly than debit cards for payments below EUR 1.88 (SEK 20) and credit cards below EUR...

Businesses have a large number of options available with regards to the investment and financing of fixed assets. These assets could be purchased outright, hired, rented or leased. Because the accounting treatment differs substantially, so some time business prefers one financing option over...

Este artículo relaciona las implicaciones de la teoría sobre los costos de transacción de Ronald Coase. La economía de los costos de transacción (ECT) es un marco teórico de primer orden para la comprensión tanto de las limitaciones para el desarrollo de la empresa; y para advertir...

In Japan, since 2013, Japanese corporate governance reform has been developed by Japanese Government initiatives. This paper provides a theoretical framework for understanding what Japanese corporate governance reform means for Japanese companies by an application of agency theory. Corporate...

Food security is a global concern. Iranian farmers have the obligation to provide food but they don't have the right to food. International restrictions combined with incorrect national schematization put them in a situation that they can't afford to buy their own products just to endure to the...

The marginal cost of a good is not usually a relevant factor when crafting intellectual property policy. Marginal costs estimates are based on models of static efficiency, not dynamic efficiency, which is more relevant to policymakers.Profit margins on goods must be high enough to both support...

Despite the central role of payments in theoretical and policy oriented economics, there is surprisingly little known about the costs of different payment instruments. We estimate social and private costs of cash, debit and credit card payments in Sweden in 2002. The combined social cost of...

Through dozens of studies, economists have accumulated considerable evidence and knowledge on the effects of the takeover market. Most of the earlier work is well summarized elsewhere (Jensen and Ruback (1983); Jensen (1984); Jarrell, Brickley and Netter (1988)). Here, I focus on current aspects...