or 1.5oC. The safe carbon budget is lower if uncertainty about the transient climate response is high and risk tolerance …Cumulative emissions drive peak global warming and determine the safe carbon budget compatible with staying below 2oC … low. Together with energy costs this budget determines the constrained welfare-maximizing carbon price and how quickly …

monitoring actual carbon fluxes and thus getting quantities right when pricing carbon – be it in a cap-and-trade scheme or under … robust indication of a positive social value of improving carbon monitoring systems when compared to their cost, especially …Operationalizing a Global Carbon Observing and Analysis System (www.geocarbon.net) would provide a sound basis for …