Being the first born of a family entails inherent responsibilities. Sociologists, psychologists and economists have …

family. However, there is little causal evidence that speaks to this theory. Using a rich data set on the entire population … of Norway over an extended period of time, we examine the effects of family size and birth order on the educational … attainment of children. We find a negative correlation between family size and children's education, but when we include …

Norway that allows us to precisely measure birth order effects on IQ using both cross-sectional and within-family methods … explains about 3% of the within-family variance of IQ. When we control for birth endowments, the estimated birth order effects … birth order effects occur because later-born children are more affected by family breakdown. …

Among the perceived inputs in the “production” of child quality is family size; there is an extensive theoretical … literature that postulates a tradeoff between child quantity and quality within a family. However, there is little causal … match adult children to their parents and siblings. In addition, we use exogenous variation in family size induced by the …

database together with self-collected survey data. Using family fixed effects models we find significant positive birth order …