higher‐return tax‐advantaged private pensions and in housing. Second, we find that only the most patient households achieve … achieve high replacement rates out of lifetime average income-a more sensible summary measure of preparedness for retirement. …

Relying on the present literature, official statistics, and household survey data in the People's Republic of China … migrating peasants, and, consequently, has a positive effect on narrowing the rural-urban income or consumption gap. Urban labor …

This paper presents evidence that the quality of survey data on household incomes systematically improves across waves … reported monthly income by £142 (8 percent). Dependent interviewing - a recall device commonly used in panel surveys - takes …

-economic analyses of SOEP data show that income has a clear influence on donation behavior. Although the richest ten percent of … households contribute 37 percent of total donations, they donate less than the poorer income groups relative to their disposable … income. Despite this, the tax benefit from charitable giving is greater for richer households than for poorer because it is …