During the 90's, some important European countries, among which Italy and Sweden, have radically transformed their public pension system by adopting defined-contribution rules, while retaining the pay-as-you-go financial architecture. The paper inquires into the theoretical properties of the...

The aim of this paper is to analyze private pension systems financed by pay-as-you-go, with a focus on the pension funds of the Italian Professional Orders. The research centres on the financial and demographic risks and on their impact on the future evolution of the fund. It presents a model to...

We compare the long-term output and current account effects of pension reforms that increase the retirement age with those of reforms that cut pension benefits, conditional on reforms achieving similar fiscal targets. We show the presence of a policy trade-off. Pension reforms that increase the...

The paper analyses the impact of demographic developments on the German pension system until the year 2060. The projections are simulated for a range of assumptions on the latest demographic trends and on the labour market and comprise the latest pension legislation. As a central innovation we...

The structure of the Polish pension insurance system, despite many reforms carried out in recent years, is still mainly based on the pay-as-you-go (repartition) pillar. To make it work properly, a constant inflow of participants who will pay contributions, thanks to which it will be possible to...

This paper contains nine different essays on Social Security reform and multi-pillar pension plans. The nine topics are: 1. Transition costs2. Progressive indexation3. Government guarantees on private accounts4. Life cycle investing5. Impact of add-on accounts on Social Security solvency6....

How much of an internal rate of return would a sustainable pay-as-you-go pension system offer current and future generations equally? The answer is the sum of the Long-Run Biological Interest Rates (LBIR), the real-world equivalent of Samuelson's (1958) biological interest rate, and future...

This paper studies the effect of demographic change on national saving, global interest rates, and international capital flows, focusing on the role of the public pension system. We develop a small open economy overlapping generations model to illustrate the channels through which demographic...

This paper develops a full accounting model for monitoring the solvency of a notional defined contribution (NDC) pension scheme with disability and minimum pension benefits. Using the annual report of the Swedish pension system as a benchmark (TSPS, 2019), we extend the “Swedish” actuarial...

The aim of this paper is to analyse the role of the survivor dividend in notional defined contribution (NDC) pension schemes. With this aim in mind, we first extend the model developed by Boado-Penas & Vidal-Meliá (2014) by allowing for changes in the growth of the active population. We then...