We introduce a notion of market times that are stochastic processes in order to represent information delay in structural credit risk models. The market times are extensions of the time change process introduced by Guo, Jarrow and Zeng in the sense that each component of the market time is not...

Firms in traditional markets often compete in output à la Cournot. In this paper, we consider Cournot competition between platforms in a two-sided market. We find that the markup and markdown terms are distorted toward zero for greater levels of platform competition and for greater levels of...

In this study, we investigate ordering patterns of different types of market participants in Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE) by examining order records of the listed stocks. Firstly, we categorize the virtual servers in the trading system of TSE, each of which is linked to a single trading...

We propose a real time benchmark for bitcoin called QRTR whose calculation is much simpler than that of BRTI. Then, we introduce two types of reference rates that are usable for daily quotes of the currency, based on QRTR. The methodologies we propose in this paper are applicable not only for...

Using estimable concepts, this paper provides sufficient conditions for third-degree price discrimination to increase or decrease aggregate output, social welfare, and consumer surplus in differentiated oligopoly when all discriminatory markets are open even in the absence of price...

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of welfare effects under multiple policy interventions and non-governmental external changes. Specifically, in relation to multi-dimensional pass-through, we provide “sufficient statistics” formulas for welfare measures under a fairly general...