as tariffs, can continue to disadvantage foreign firms. We analyze the bidding strategies in such a game and show that … when domestic profits are valued, tariffs will be used to discriminate against foreign firms. Furthermore, we find that … optimal tariffs can be more protectionist than the optimal price preference, resulting in lower expected domestic welfare and …

as tariffs, can continue to disadvantage foreign firms. We analyze the bidding strategies in such a game and show that … when domestic profits are valued, tariffs will be used to discriminate against foreign firms. Furthermore, we find that … optimal tariffs can be more protectionist than the optimal price preference, resulting in lower expected domestic welfare and …

import tariffs on a destination market are associated with less pricing-to-market, whereas non-tariff measures are associated …

country's relative size or relative average productivity. Furthermore, in the two-country Nash equilibrium, tariffs turn out … to be strategic substitutes. Small or poor economies set lower Nash tariffs than large or rich ones. Lower transportation … costs or smaller fixed market entry costs induce higher equilibrium tariffs and larger welfare losses relative to the case …

WTO negotiations deal predominantly with bound - besides applied - tariff rates. But, how can reductions in tariffs … from the real options literature; doing so we highlight the important role of bound tariffs at the extensive margin of … trade. We find that bound tariffs are more effective with higher risk destination markets, that a large binding overhang may …

external tariffs by keeping the status-quo. This "implicit" tariff coordination can benefit each member through trade diversion …

Historically, tariffs have been an attractive policy tool to protect domestic industries. The benefits of such a policy …

This paper studies the macroeconomic impact of higher tariffs using a two-country DSGE model with endogenous trade and … heterogeneous firms. The analysis consists of two scenarios. First, we assume that one country increases tariffs while the other … does not. Second, both countries raise tariffs. In the first case, the country that did not raise tariffs suffers an …