The aggregate average wage is often used as an indicator of economic performance and welfare, and as such often serves as a benchmark for changes in the generosity of public transfers and for wage negotiations. Yet if economies experience a high degree of (nonrandom) fluctuation in employment...

We examine the consequences of changes in work incentives in Poland between 2005 and 2011 resulting from a complex tax and benefit reform package and substantial real wage growth. While marginal and participation tax rates (PTRs) in the majority of analysed cases fall as a result of the...

The aggregate average wage is often used as an indicator of economic performance and welfare, and as such often serves as a benchmark for changes in the generosity of public transfers and for wage negotiations. Yet if economies experience a high degree of (non-random) fluctuation in employment,...

We provide a detailed comparison of financial incentives to work resulting from the tax and benefit systems in three countries: the United Kingdom, Germany and Poland. Financial incentives to work are compared using a range of example family profiles under different assumptions concerning...

In 2007 and 2008 Polish governments introduced a series of reforms which led to a substantial reduction in the tax wedge (in Polish: klin) on labour. We show that when considered together the package of introduced reforms brought much greater reductions in the tax burden compared to a widely...

The aggregate average wage is often used as an indicator of economic performance and welfare, and as such often serves as a benchmark for changes in the generosity of public transfers and for wage negotiations. Yet if economies experience a high degree of (nonrandom) fluctuation in employment...

In 2007 and 2008 Polish governments introduced a series of reforms which led to a substantial reduction in the tax "wedge" (in Polish: "klin") on labour. The mean ATR on total labour cost was reduced from 41.6% to 34.0%. We show that when considered together the package of introduced reforms...

In 2007 and 2008 Polish governments introduced a series of reforms which led to a substantial reduction in the tax "wedge" (in Polish: "klin") on labour. These consisted of reductions in the disability rate of social security contributions (SSCs) and an introduction of an income tax credit for...

Eurostat data shows that children and elderly are especially at risk of being in poverty. In 2004 the average rates of poverty risk in the European Union for these groups were about 19%. In Poland, the rate was 29% for children and only 7% for the elderly. We examine the role of the tax-benefit...