We evaluate the causal linkages between the economic and legal integration process that has characterised the formation of the European Union. Specifically, using the frequency of national references for preliminary rulings sent to the European Court of Justice as a measure of legal integration...

We evaluate the causal linkages between the economic and legal integration process that has characterised the formation of the European Union. Specifically, using the frequency of national references for preliminary rulings sent to the European Court of Justice as a measure of legal integration...

Using the Almost Ideal Demand System specification we analyse whether UK public consumption expenditure decisions are compatible with traditional utility maximization postulates. Our empirical findings tend to support the validity of the constraints of homogeneity and symmetry.