This paper traces the history of modern terrorism from the end of the Second World War to the beginning of the twenty …-first century. It divides that history into three stylized waves: terrorism in the service of national liberation and ethnic … separatism, left-wing terrorism, and Islamist terrorism. Adopting a constitutional political economy perspective, the paper …

same conclusion, suggesting that the adverse effect of Islamist terrorism on women' rights is causal. Further emphasizing … the role of violent Islamist fundamentalism, we find no evidence that Islam per se (as indicated by a country's Muslim … population share) affects the position of women in society. Finally, we show that left-wing and nationalist-separatist terrorism …

development of fundamentalist groups. In this paper we develop a theory of fundamentalism and terrorism under which leaders …Fundamentalist organizations and the terrorists they spawn do not arise of a vacuum. Combating terrorism requires …