Recent research has highlighted the role that the government budget constraint plays in determining the consumer price level. According to the fiscal approach to price determination, prices adjust so that the discounted value of future real government primary surpluses equals the current real...

This brief country case study on Turkey aims to summarize the fundamental developments in the banking sector, which represents almost 90 percent of the financial sector in the country. The brief has two parts. The first covers the 2001 financial crisis and the developments until end of 2007, the...

This study examines episodes of financial stress and develops a financial stress index for the Turkish economy for the 1997–2010 period. We consider various variables that summarize different aspects of financial conditions in the economy to gauge financial stress. We construct the index and...

This paper studies the long-term consequences of polices designed to curb the rapid growth in pension deficits in Turkey where the mismanagement of pension funds has begun to generate considerable losses, despite a relatively young population that is just beginning to face population aging. With...

We develop a model of regime-switching risk premia as well as regime-dependent factor risk premia to price real options. The model incorporates the observation that the underlying risky income streams of real options are subject to discrete shifts over time as well as random changes. The...

The paper discusses the currents that led to the 2007-2009 financial crisis. We discuss the crisis in a historical context and present evidence regarding the incidence and unit price of risk. Our results show that the unit price of risk prior to the subprime crisis is comparable to the price of...