, the U.S. dollar is predominant in international trade and financial flows. The dollar acts as a "vehicle currency" in the … sense that agents in nondollar economies will generally engage in currency trade indirectly using the U.S. dollar rather …

decline in U.S. price competitiveness associated with the appreciation of the dollar over the first half of the decade was the …, drawing on average policy multipliers from a group of international macro models, the rise in the dollar and the growth gap … in the dollar since early 1985 than conventional macro trade equations would predict. Analysis of the pricing behavior of …