reference to buffer levels, and whether banks’ actual capital ratios can be expected to correspond with Basel capital …

by the banks. It is shown that if the supervisors have a limited ability to identify or to sanction dishonest banks, an … helps to offset the banks' potential capital savings of understating their risks by (i) reducing banks' put option value of … limited ex ante, and by (ii) increasing the banks' net worth, which in turn enhances the supervisors' ability to sanction …

banks using a non-parametric Monte Carlo re-sampling method following Carey [1998]. Our results are based on a panel data … set containing both loan and internal rating data from the banks’ complete business loan portfolios over the period 1997 … businesses in the sample is rated by both banks, we can generate loss distributions for SME, retail and corporate credit …

commercial loans, although SME exposures are relatively important for European banks. SMEs have specific characteristics that …The objective of this research is to determine the optimal rating philosophy for the rating of SMEs, and to describe … importance for banks to have a solid risk framework to predict credit risk of their counterparties is well reflected by the …

been given a central role. Although much research has been done on external ratings, much less is known about banks … the complete business loan portfolios of two Swedish banks and a credit bureau over the period 1997-2000. We study rating … portfolio with identical counterparts, substantial differences in the implied riskiness between banks. Such differences could …