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activity in specific U.S. manufacturing industries. Across two-digit industry levels of aggregation, exchange rate movements do …, especially for industries characterized by low price-over-cost markup ratios, and in overtime wages and overtime employment. The … overall external orientation. Industries with low price-over-cost markups and those with a less skilled workforce exhibit …
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Does national market size matter for industrial structure? This has been suggested by theoretical work on "home market" effects, as in Krugman (1980, 1995). In this paper, I show that what previously was regarded as an assumption of convenience — transport costs only for the differentiated...
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A growing share of international trade occurs through intra-firm transactions-those between domestic and foreign subsidiaries of a multinational firm. The difficulties associated with writing and enforcing a vertical contract compound when a product must cross a national border, and may explain...
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competition. …
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competition. …
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The EU has pursued protectionist policies not merely in food but also in manufacturing at the customs union level. In services it has not dismantled much of the existing national protectionism. The economic costs are calculated here at some 3% of GDP for the UK and some 2% for the rest of the...
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