The dollar's dominance as the world's reserve currency was inaugurated at the 1944 Bretton Woods conference where the agreement was signed by the 44 wartime allies, but the dollar's hegemony was solidified in 1971 when US President Nixon cut the dollar's link to gold. True, the fixed exchange...

This paper used an economic model of systemic risk given by Acharya (2016) to measure the state of systemic risk in Indian financial market during COVID-19 Pandemic. It is based on marginal expected shortfall (MES), the likelihoods of a financial firm to be undercapitalized when the financial...

I study positively and normatively the role of bank heterogeneity in the macroeconomy. I build an empirically-motivated macroeconomic model with a banking sector that features uninsurable idiosyncratic rate of return shocks, endogenous markups, costly default, and endogenous entry. The framework...

This paper studies how Central Bank eligibility requirements affect the supply and quality of bonds issued by non-financial firms. Banks increase demand for eligible bonds, to which firms respond by increasing their debt issuance and, therefore, default risk. We characterize firm responses and...

We show that a reduction in lender of last resort (LOLR) policy uncertainty positively affects bank lending and propagates to investment and employment. We exploit a unique policy that reduced uncertainty regarding the availability of future LOLR funding for banks as a quasi-natural experiment....

Trade among people dates back to prehistoric times; before invention of money, a primitive system of exchange called barter existed. Barter has reemerged as an alternative to the dollar, attributable to high-magnitude financial crises such as the 2006 mortgage debacle and the ensuing global...

Lending relationships are prevalent in credit markets and are a potentially important driver of bank value, but little is known about the quantitative significance of this source of intangible capital. To estimate the value of these relationships, we develop a model of the lender’s decision to...

We propose and test a new channel through which fiscal policy changes affect the supply of intermediated credit and the real economy. Lenders that have greater exposure to firms expected to repatriate a significant amount of foreign income as a result of a 2004-2005 U.S. tax holiday subsequently...

Financial covenants transfer control rights to lenders when borrowers’ metrics breach pre-set thresholds. Contingent control rights allow lenders to extract monetary concessions (e.g., fees and renegotiation) and behavioral concessions (e.g., CEO turnover and reduced investment, R&D, and...

This article presents a valuation model for generic cancellable structured notes. In general, there may be any number of cancellation legs in a product, and a cancellation leg will cancel a fixed number of other legs. The model can calculate the expectation of cancellation legs with respect to...