traded-goods prices exhibit significant inertia in the face of shocks such as exchange rate changes. This paper uses a … wholesale prices for UPC (Universal Product Code)-level products. Markup adjustments by manufacturers and the retailer explain …

"This paper estimates the effect of higher crude-oil prices on the inflation rate in the U.S. It does so by estimating … crude oil prices. This term is inserted using a third degree polynomial distributed lag of four quarters that allows not … only for some immediate impact on the consumer price index (e.g. through gasoline prices), but also for a delayed impact as …