In this paper we present two dynamic models of background risk. We first present a stochastic factor model with an additive background risk. Thereafter, we present a dynamic model of simultaneous (correlated) multiplicative background risk and additive background risk. In so doing, we use a...

In this paper, we introduce a new pseudo-Bayesian model to incorporate the impact of a financial Crisis and establish some properties of stock returns and investors' behaviors during the financial crisis and during recovery after crisis. Our proposed model can be applied to investigate some...

This study establishes necessary conditions for Almost Stochastic Dominance criteria of various orders. These conditions take the form of restrictions on algebraic combinations of moments of the probability distributions in question. The relevant set of conditions depends on the relevant order...