Synthesis of random libraries of polynucleotide sequences has become a standard procedure of biotechnology; in combination with amplification methods such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) [1] this allows for selection experiments in which large pools of sequences are screened for a...

A number of evolutionary models based on the iterated Prisoner's Dilemma with noise are discussed. Different aspects of the evolutionary behaviour are illustrated (i) by varying the trickiness of the game (iterated game, mistakes, misunderstandings, choice of payoff matrix), (ii) by introducing...

Mapping sequences onto biopolymer structures is characterized by redundancy since the numbers of sequences exceed the numbers of structures. The degree of Redundancy depends on the notion of structure. Two classes of biopolymers, RNA molecules and proteins are considered in detail. A general...

We describe a simple framework for micro simulation of city traffic. A medium sized excerpt of Dallas was used to examine different levels of simulation fidelity of a cellular automaton method for the traffic flow simulation and simple intersection model. We point out problems arising with the...

Feynman has shown that a closed, locally interacting quantum system is capable of performing deterministic computation. Fro two finite-size versions of such a computer, the Schrodinger equations are solved analytically. The probability that the comptuer yields a final result upon measurement is...

A correlation analysis will be applied to subspaces of the fitness landscape generated by the synchronization task for one- dimensional cellular automata. This results in a stochastic model that can be used to characterize the correlation structure of those subspaces. The results show that both...

How infectious diseases spread in space within one cycle of an epidemic is an important question that has received considerable theoretical attention. There are, however, few empirical studies to support theoretical approaches, because data is scarce. Weekly reports obtained since 1984 from a...

This paper examines the impact of distance-dependent spatial externalities, referred to as "edge-effect externalities," on free-market equilibrium land use patterns. Under edge-effect externalities, maximization of production possibilities will depend on minimization of landscape fragmentation,...

The technique of approximating the mean path of Markov chains by differential equations has proved to be a useful tool in analyzing the performance of heuristics on random graph instances. However, only a small family of algorithms can currently be analyzed by this method, due to the need to...

One of the most popular data sets in ecology, that of lynx fur returns, is analyzed in order to look for evidence for a bifurcation process. This bifurcation seems to be present from the observation of a shift in the amplitude of oscillations of the lynx time series. The possibility for such a...