Any area of knowledge is structured by an intricate interplay of limits, and joining. An apparently restrictive limit may actually reveal itself as liberating. We discuss the role that limits play in the real world, in our mathematical idealizations, and inthe mappings between them. We propose a...

The information deviation between any two finite measures cannot be increased by any statistical operations (Markov morphisms). It is invarient if and only if the morphism is sufficient for these two measures

Feeding relationships can cause invasions, extirpations, and population fluctuations of a species to dramatically affect other species within a variety of natural habitats. Such strong effects rarely propagate through food webs more than three links away from the initial perturbation. However,...

We propose an extension to time series with several simultaneously measured variables of the nonlinearity test, which combines the redundancy---linear redundancy approach with the surrogate data technique. For several variables various types of the redundancies can be defined, in order to test...

Networks such as ethnic credit associations, close-knit residential neighborhoods, "old boy' networks, and ethnically linked businesses play an important role in economic life but have been little studied by economists. These networks are often supported by cultural distinctions between insiders...

Size distributions in some ecosystems follow a power (Zipf-) law behavior spanning up to two ten decades. A model for the origins of this scaling behavior is presented. The model shows that the intrinsic dynamics of the system leads to a power law distribution, , with , in agreement with field...

Economics have long associated decision making wit optimization. The decision maker chooses an action from a known choice set C. he chosen action maximizes a known real-valued objective function F (.): C -- R. Optimization assumes enough knowledge of C and f(.) to determine an optimal action....

The field of Psychology, which is the study of the mind, is one of extraordinary breadth. As a field of study, Psychology must encompass not only a description of the many and various aspects of everything minds do, but of increasing interest in the 20th Century, the mechanisms by which specific...

Most models of natural selection assume either that the material environment remains constant or that it fluctuates in ways unrelated to changes in gene frequencies (and therefore changes in the distribution of phenotypes) of the organism undergoing selection. In this paper, we consider what...