We use a very simple description of human driving behavior to simulate traffic. The regime of maximum vehicle flow in a closed system shows near-critical behavior, and as a result a sharp decrease of the predictability of travel time. Since Advanced Traffic Management Systems (ATMSs) tend to...

Control rules governing activity of eukaryotic genes appear strongly biased toward large numbers of "canalizing" inputs. The ensemble of networks with the observed bias predicts cells are in an ordered regime with convergent flow in transcription state space, a percolating subnetwork of genes...

We study the four-state antiferromagnetic Potts model on the triangular lattice. We show that the model has six types of defects which diffuse and annihilate according to certain conservation laws consistent with their having a vector-valued topological charge. Using the properties of these...

We report a noise induced delay of bifurcation in a simple pulse-coupled neural circuit. We study the behavior of two neural oscillators, each individually governed by saddle-node dynamics, with reciprocal excitatory synaptic connections. In the deterministic circuit, the synaptic current...

A method for testing nonlinearity in time series is described based on information-theoretic functionals---redundancies, linear and nonlinear forms of which allow either qualitative, or, after incorporating the surrogate data technique, also quantitative evaluation of dynamical properties of...

To study quantum computation, it might be helpful to generalize structures from language and automata theory to the quantum case. To that end, we propose quantum versions of finite-state and push-down automata, and regular and context-free grammars. We find analogs of several classical theorems,...

A construction for a minimal cycle basis for the Cartesian and the strong product of two graphs from the minimal length cycle bases of the factors is presented. Furthermore, we derive asymptotic expressions for the average length of the cycles in the minimal cycle bases of the powers (iterated...

A variant of the method of surrogate data is applied to a single time series from an electroencephalogram (EEG) recording of a patient undergoing an epileptic seizure. The time series is a nearly periodic pattern of spike-and-wave complexes. The surrogate data sets are generated by shuffling the...

This paper summarizes some initial empirical results from a new computer model (artificial chemistry) which exhibits spontaneous emergence and persistence of autopoietic organization. the model is based on a system originally presented by Varela, Maturana, and Uribe. In carrying out this...

How is cooperation among large numbers of unrelated individuals sustained? Cooperation generally requires altruism, where individuals take actions that are group-beneficial but personally costly. Why do selfish agents not drive out altruistic behavior? This is the puzzle of prosociality....