Sterling balances were a major issue from the point of view of British policy makers. They amounted to £3,555 million in mid-1945 corresponding to almost seven times British pre-war yearly exports. Egyptian sterling balances were importante as Egypt was the second holder of such balances only...

The paper examines the Brazilian core coffee export economy from the 1880s to 1930. Analysis is centered on coffee because of its dominant role in the Brazilian economy and to the persistent high share of Brazilian exports in the world market, which has allowed Brazil to exploit its market...

The paper analyses the origins of import substitution from the early days of the Republic in the 1890s to 1930 and proposes an original explanation to conciliate high protection and a high growth path. The golden age period of import substitution in Brazil from the 1930s until the early 1960s is...

This paper surveys the formation and development of insurance business in Brazil. It describes its origins, from the colonial times and imperial era to recent events. Particular attention is given to regulatory changes, showing how they evolved in response to macroeconomic shocks that affected...