Impressed by the sweeping implications of the mind-body problem, the German philosopher Arthur Schopenauer referred to that famous conundrum as the Weltknoten, the "World Knot." Economic history is more prosaic. Yet the economic experience of the United States between World War I and the end of...

Games with Finite Resources as defined by Gale (1957) are two-person zero-sum N-stage games in which each player has N resources and may use each resource once and only once in the N stages. Gale's theorem on these games is generalized in several directions. First the payoff is allowed to be any...

The Great Depression reached a turning point in the currency crises of 1931 and the German banking and currency crisis was a critical event whose causes are still debated. We demonstrate in this paper that the crisis was primarily domestic in origin; that it was a currency crisis rather than a...

This paper analyzes whether money influences election outcomes. Using a new and more comprehensive dataset built from government sources, the paper begins by showing that the relations between money and major party votes in all elections for the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives from 1980...

The U.S. presidential election of 2016 featured frontal challenges to the political establishments of both parties and perhaps the most shocking election upset in American history. This paper analyzes patterns of industrial structure and party competition in both the major party primaries and...