Existing models of open-access resources are applicable to non- storable resources, such as fish. Many open-access resources, however, are used to produce storable goods. Elephants, rhinos, and tigers are three prominent examples. Anticipated future scarcity of these resources will increase...

During the nineteenth century, most Western societies extended the franchise, and then undertook previously unprecedented redistributive programs. We argue that these political reforms can be viewed as strategic decision by elites to prevent widespread social unrest and revolution.