When governments levy taxes on labor income on the basis of a balanced budget rule, two steady states in an economy exist, which can cause two movement patterns, namely, indeterminacy paths and a saddle path. Many economists deal with this issue based on indivisiblelabor. On an general...

The paper develops a patent race model of firms which differ in R&D productivity. It is demon-strated that R&D subsidies generate the cleansing effect where relatively lower productivity firms drop out of the race and innovation accelerates due to expanded R&D investment by the remaining firms...

We examine the role of income relative deprivation, hours worked for different tasks, and children in the job-related stress experienced by academics. Males' job-related stress increases when their incomes are lower than that of their peers', but females are not susceptible to such income...

Using a unique data set from our survey of academic economists in Japan, we present the first detailed study of gender promotion gaps in Japanese academia. The length of time from initial appointment to promotion to associate professor is greater for women than men, largely due to women spending...

This paper aims to analyze the similarities and differences between Kansai region in Japan and Vastra Gotaland regionin Sweden. We investigate the regional economies,the frameworks of regional coordination, and the degree of internationalization.Main findings of the analysis are summarized as...

Two issues are addressed in this paper. First, we analyze with a simple mathematical model Thomas Robert Malthusfs critique of Adam Smith, the most theoretically discussed part in the first edition of Principle of Population. Second, by introducing a differential equation for the dynamics of...