After a short background on recent developments in gravity modelling and liberalization agreements in Europe, this paper measures the trade creation and diversion effects of major European agreements based on the results of a correctly specified triple-indexed gravity model with bilateral fixed...

National cultural distance construct has wide-spread use in the international business literature, with many applications. Despite its limitations as summarized by Shenkar (2001), the method in Kogut and Singh (1988) is commonly adopted by researchers to measure cultural distance. This article...

Given various significant benefits, not only countries but also regions within a country compete against each other in trying to attract foreign direct investments (FDI). While there are several studies explaining the factors behind a country's potential for foreign direct investment,...