In foreign trade statistics, the Federal Statistical Office compiles data on Germany's trade in goods with other countries from the export and import declarations submitted by businesses that are required to report data. Complex edit checks are employed to detect and correct erroneous data to...

In view of the progressive development of the ESG concept, this paper measures the sovereign ESG index of 171 countries worldwide over the period 1990-2020 by employing the entropy weight method based on relevant indicators from the World Bank's Sovereign ESG Database. The graphical analysis of...

This paper develops a dynamic portfolio selection model incorporating economic uncertainty for business cycles. It is assumed that the financial market at each point in time is defined by a hidden Markov model, which is characterized by the overall equity market returns and volatility. The risk...