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Between 1930 and 1970, average school size in the United States increased from 87 to 440 students and average district size increased from 170 to 2300 students, as over 120,000 schools and 100,000 districts were eliminated through consolidation. We exploit variation in the timing of...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013147658
One of the most remarkable yet least remarked upon accomplishments in American public education in the twentieth century is the success of the school consolidation movement. Between 1930 and 1970, 9 out of every 10 school districts were eliminated through consolidation. Nearly two-thirds of...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005764009
The Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) is the most important federal legislation addressing the credit needs of low-income families and neighborhoods. Enacted in 1977 in response to concerns about redlining, CRA established "continuing and affirmative obligations" for lenders to meet the credit...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005764022
Contrary to the prevailing view that federal programs are immortal, we show that program death is commonplace and seek to explain why. We develop a simple model of distributive politics, which we call "probabilistic universalism." Our theory suggests that differences in the ideological...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005764066
For too long, research on retrospective voting has fixated on how economic trends affect incumbents' electoral prospects in national and state elections. Hundreds of thousands of elections in the United States occur at the local level and have little to do with unemployment or inflation rates....
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005823043
This paper discusses the common-pool problems that arise when multiple territorially overlapping governments share the authority to provide services and levy taxes in a common geographic area. Contrary to the traditional Tiebout model in which increasing the number of competing governments...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005823053
Two major problems exist in applying ideal point estimation techniques to state legislatures. First, there has been a scarcity of available longitudinal roll call data. Second, even where such data exists, scaling ideal points within a single state suffers from a basic defect. No comparisons can...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005823060
This Article articulates and analyzes the possibility of what we call the unbundled executive. The unbundled executive is a plural executive regime in which discrete authority is taken from the President and given exclusively to a directly elected executive official. Imagine a directly elected...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005703876