This paper constructs a model where otherwise identical economies having different initial conditions are in different steady-states in autarky because skill accumulation is subject to credit constraint. In a two country world it is shown how international trade in goods can cause complete...

This paper presents an overview of recent development in the new economic geography (NEG), and discusses possible directions of its future development. Since there already exist several surveys on this topic, we focus on the selected features of the NEG which are important yet have attracted...

One of the most striking features of the world economy is that wealthy countries are clustered together. This paper theoretically and empirically explains a mechanism for this clustering by extending the Acemoglu and Ventura model so that it takes real geography into account. Countries close to...

Indonesia as one of the coffee exporting countries in the world, has given the influence and contribution of the real and great in the world coffee trade mechanism. Indonesia, has now become one of the largest coffee exporting country in the world. Coffee, as one of the world's most important...

Geopolitical conflicts have increasingly been a driver of trade policy. We study the potential effects of global and persistent geopolitical conflicts on trade, technological innovation, and economic growth. In conventional trade models the welfare costs of such conflicts are modest. We build a...

This paper presents a dynamic general equilibrium model with two structurally identical open economies. Trade liberalization promotes innovation and growth when intellectual property rights (IPR) protection is sufficiently weak. Trade on the other hand does not affect innovation and growth when...

The past two decades have witnessed economic growth differentials among countries in East Asia and Latin America. In this paper we argue that the degree of openness due to government policies in both areas may be an important factor yielding this result. We construct a simple model to highlight...

Proponents of trade liberalization routinely defend international trade institutions as engines of economic growth that benefit everyone. How trade proponents justify trade institutions matters because their justificatory rhetoric leads to certain policy conclusions about whether it is...

We use restricted natality microdata covering the universe of U.S. births for 2015-2021 and California births from 2015 to August 2022 to examine the childbearing response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Although fertility rates declined in 2020, these declines appear to reflect reductions in travel...