The aim of this paper is to investigate whether the She oil company, through investment and crude oil exploration, benefits socio-economic growth in Nigeria in general and in the Niger Delta of Nigeria in particular. In 1998, the United Nations Special Rapporteur's report on Nigeria accused...

The aim of this paper is to investigate whether the She oil company, through investment and crude oil exploration, benefits socio-economic growth in Nigeria in general and in the Niger Delta of Nigeria in particular. In 1998, the United Nations Special Rapporteur's report on Nigeria accused...

The EFTA Court’s judgment in Philip Morris vs Norway, delivered on September 12, 2011, is one of the first decisions adopted by an international court upon the legality of an entire new generation of tobacco control measures, such as visual display bans at point of sale, with trade rules. As a...

Plain packaging, a new tobacco control tool that is currently being considered by a growing number of countries, mandates the removal of all attractive and promotional aspects of tobacco product packages. As a result, the only authorized feature remaining would be the use of brand name, which...

The 1998 Master Settlement Agreement between tobacco manufacturers and the attorneys general of 46 states substituted a private agreement for the normal processes of regulation and taxation. They dramatically reduced the public's opportunity to participate in both and to hold accountable those...

According to WHO data, NCDs account for nearly 86% of deaths and 77% of the disease burden in Europe. These alarming rates have led the European Union to progressively acknowledge the impact of NCDs on the EU’s economy and the well-being of its citizens. Thus, despite its limited competence in...

At a time in which an increasing number of countries attempt to reduce the attractiveness of the packaging of unhealthy products, such as tobacco and food, the EFTA Court was asked to determine the legality of a set of measures aimed at standardizing the visual imagery, packaging and appeal of...

Health and financial decision-making literatures have chronicled how people’s numerical abilities affect their decisions. Until now, however, there has been no empirical study of whether numeracy — or people’s ability to understand and use numbers — also interacts with legal decision...

For decades, property owners across the United States have struggled to comply with the Clean Water Act, in large part because they do not know which “waters” are regulated. Vague definitions, inconsistent enforcement, and changing rules contribute to this ongoing problem. Despite the...

The COVID-19 is having an unprecedented impact in the commercial and trade sphere globally. Businesses of all sizes are finding it difficult to operate efficiently and many struggle to meet contractual obligations. Agency is a ubiquitous concept in trade and commerce. The sudden implosion of...