We use the recent trade escalation between the US, China, the European Union (EU), Canada and Mexico to study whether … on the potential trade-offs between achieving a high degree of political targeting and managing the risks to ones own …

A growing share of modern trade policy instruments is shaped by non-tariff barriers (NTBs). Based on a structural … gravity equation and the recently updated Global Trade Alert database, we empirically investigate the effect of NTBs on … imports. Our analysis reveals that the implementation of NTBs reduces imports of affected products by up to 12%. Their trade …

The world economy recently witnessed a surge in trade remedies and non-tariff measures (NTMs) as new trade …-restrictive measures. This study attempts to provide empirical evidence on the effects of new trade-restrictive measures, such as anti …- dumping, countervailing measures, technical barriers to trade, and sanitary and phytosanitary measures on trade. By using the …

Standard techniques used to estimate gravity equations, the workhorse empirical model in international trade, rely on … bilateral variation to identify the effect of trade barriers on bilateral trade flows. This prevents the estimation of any … exporter- or importer-specific trade barriers. To address this shortcoming, I develop a method that estimates the effects of …

A structural gravity model is used to estimate barriers to services trade across many sectors, countries and time …

of the emerging region of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) and identify barriers to trade, to provide insights into … both sides, since the export basket is also concentrated both ways in the Malaysia-Chile trade. Through the interviews …, fewer restrictions are reported by the various stakeholders, as the extent of trade engagement is still somewhat low …

's Republic of China (PRC) on the bilateral trade and US imports from other trade partners. Using the data set based on the … Harmonized System (HS) tariff code, we examine the trade patterns of the PRC and other countries, and find evidence for the trade … restriction effect and the trade diversion effect. Further, we examine the intensity and duration of both restriction and …

The goal of the paper is to develop the method for measuring barriers to trade in services and apply it to determine … results of removing the barriers. The paper reviews the literature on barriers to trade in services and how they are measured …

Services play a more important role in trade and employment in the United Kingdom than in most other OECD countries …. The UK services sector is supported by an open and transparent trade regime, policies that support competition and …, certain barriers to services trade remain. This report sheds light on the role of services trade in the UK economy, describing …

exports to the United States. This trade reducing effect is driven by developing countries and by refusals without any product … does not prove) the existence of counter-cyclical, hidden protectionism due to non-tariff barriers to trade in the United …