This study examines recent effective rates of protection across the Egyptian economy, using an ad valorem price wedge introduced by nontariff barriers and energy subsidies, and compares today's effective rates of protection with those of a decade ago. The study uses 23 aggregated sectors from...

A second-generation model of currency crises is combined with a standard model ofbanks as providers of insurance against liquidity risk. In a pegged exchange rateregime, after funds have been committed to the banks, news arrives about the qualityof the banks’ assets and about the exchange rate...

Small farmers and "minifundistas" tend to be among the poorest segment of the rural population in Latin America. However, preliminary work albeit rather sketchy, suggests that there is a great heterogeneity within the rural poor with respect to income, education, access to services, security of...

Since 1989, the Bank has given increasing support to Mexico's National Solidarity Program (PRONASOL) in projects for education, health, transportation, and regional development. Despite the Bank's growing association with PRONASOL, given its magnitude and complexity, it is easy to underestimate...

In 1992, LATAD initiated a regional activity aimed at assessing the relative merits of various initiatives to deal with price instability and price risk management in general. Analytical work in price bands (Quiroz and Valdés) and the joint FAO/World Bank workshop in Santiago in October 1993...