In the pre-reforms period the trade policy in Latin America had involved very high levels of protection and government … intervention. The recent trade liberalization policies of the Latin American countries have sought to reverse the protectionist … paper discusses the impact of trade openness policy on tariff structure, export competitiveness, inflation and economic …

from 1990 to 2014. Empirical results were insignificant to explain the long-run relationship between South Africa’s trade …, direct foreign investment and growth with the BRIC countries. The short-run trade effect was little to instil any significant … effect on South Africa’s growth. BRICS trade does not Granger Cause growth in South Africa. Trade and investment policy …

This article shows how institutional quality can affect the relationship between trade and growth. Our model looks at … institutions gain more (in terms of growth) from trade than countries with weak institutions, due to the effect of institutions on … trade policy. It is also possible to show that the quality of institutions in one country can spill over into another by …

This paper provides new evidence of the effects of road construction on both domestic and international trade flows in … those supported by multilateral development banks. We find that road construction helped to reduce trade costs significantly … internal trade costs decreases by 20%, and the ad valorem rate of international trade costs decreases, on average, by 15 …

debate on how to portray the relationship. Thus, this study is aimed to examine the impacts of the China-Africa trade and …-2017. Drawing on complementary theoretical perspectives, this study took into account the conditional effect of China-Africa trade … and Chinese FDI subject to the institutional quality of African countries and the interdependence of China-Africa trade …

policy that regulates the extent of trade between countries. The model predicts that trade liberalization will increase …

tourist, trade and economic growth. Although tourism is one of the major components in the trade of services, and it has been …-relationship between economic development, total trade (import and export) and number of tourist arrival for Malaysia and her major tourism …, volume of total trade and economic development’s indicator shows that these three variables are moved in tandem …

from 1990 to 2014. Empirical results were insignificant to explain the long-run relationship between South Africa's trade …, direct foreign investment and growth with the BRIC countries. The short-run trade effect was little to instil any significant … effect on South Africa's growth. BRICS trade does not Granger Cause growth in South Africa. Trade and investment policy …