Dual pricing is a practice that has garnered significant attention recently as either a potentially prohibited export subsidy or an actionable de facto specific subsidy under the WTO. Dual pricing practices by natural resource-endowed countries allow for the domestic price of natural resources...

The planet's resources are finite and must be used rationally and responsibly to ensure a sustainable economy. On the basis of modern innovations and technologies, new sources of consumption or new ways to reduce the environmental impact of consumption can be found. Changes in the external...

The mainstream of the literature on corporate sustainability follows the win-win paradigm according to which economic, environmental and social sustainability aspects can be achieved simultaneously; indeed corporate sustainability has often been defined by the intersection of these three areas....

Regulatory uncertainty has been inherent to climate change in the absence of a successor to the Kyoto Protocol and with ongoing policy discussions on how to proceed. To facilitate steps to help address the issue, many companies have called for more certainty and a stable policy framework. What...

There are growing increases in Darfur population's water demand in recent years due to rapid demographic expansions that led to increased consumption per capita associated with improved standards of living and water-related commodity production, agriculture and service industries. In addition to...

Although the Kyoto Protocol intended to implement emissions trading globally, this has so far been impossible. As a result, particularly Multinational Corporations (MNCs) currently face a wide variety of emissions trading schemes that differ in scope and enforcement, thus creating divergent...

It is critical that technology recipients have the prerequisite knowledge and scientific base to best exploit the information. This includes domestic private and public research laboratories and universities, in addition to a sound basis of technical skills and human capital. Each of these may...

This book is unique in that it uses trade as a tool to move the climate agenda forward, by presenting the following two new approaches to climate change mitigation: 1) a bottom-up approach to climate change and 2) using regional trade agreements (RTAs) to promote climate change mitigation. The...

Purpose: Iran as an energy-rich country faces many challenges in the optimal utilization of its vast resources. High rates of population and economic growth, a generous subsidies program, and poor resource management have contributed to rapidly growing energy consumption and high energy...

Gasoline taxes vary widely among industrialized countries, as does support for the United Nations' effort to curtail the use of fossil fuels to address the climate change problem. We argue that malapportionment of the electoral system affects both the rate at which governments tax gasoline and...