Polanyi (1944, [1957] 1968) has distinguished three 'patterns of social integration,' namely 'reciprocity', 'redistribution' and 'exchange.' This triad has provided the starting point for most subsequent discussion. Our purpose is to introduce a further type of coordination, the 'destructive...

In this paper, we have distinguished three different conceptions of the budget constraint (BC). The first one, introduced by Clower, regards the BC as a universal (unconditional) rational planning postulate. This does not imply market equilibrium or optimality. The second one, advocated by...

This paper takes a stylized paradoxical fact of Iranian politics under the Islamic Republic of Iran as its starting point: the stark confusion between the position and a good portion of the opposition. Such a blurred frontier between 'position' and 'opposition' did not exist during the Shah's...

Le concept de 'mode de coordination' saisit la façon dont une économie est imbriquée dans les relations sociales et influence l'intégration d'une société à travers un 'processus institué'. Trois principaux modes de coordination ont été identifiés dans la littérature, à savoir le...

This study endeavours to explicate the relevance of the Marshallian concept of normal in the evolution of supply curves and the price mechanism in time. This concept is based on the contradictory or at least ambiguous combination of an ex ante perspective of expectation formation and an ex post...

In this paper, I focus on the extension of transaction costs to appropriative activity and coercive power in the property rights approach. It has been argued that including the costs of appropriation and violent enforcement in transaction costs is based on the assumption that Coaseian bargaining...