In previous papers (Theraulaz et al. 1995, Bonabeau et al. 1996) we suggested, following Hogeweg and Hesper (1983, 1985), that the formation of dominance orders in animal societies could result from a self-organizing process involving a double reinforcement mechanism: winners reinforce their...

Recently, it has been shown that one-dimensional quantum walks can mix more quickly than classical random walks, suggesting that quantum Monte Carlo algorithms can outperform their classical counterparts. We study two quantum walks on the n-dimensional hypercube, one in discrete time and one in...

The analysis of some species-rich, well-defined food webs shows that they display the so called Small World behavior shared by a number of disparate complex systems. The three systems analysed (Ythan estuary web, Silwood web and the Little Rock lake web) have different levels of taxonomic...

Gode and Sunder (93) show that agents randomly bidding and selling in a double auction (each agent constrained not to lose money) will extract almost 100% of the surplus in the market. The trading process furthermore converges to the competitive equilibrium. Due to the limited optimization...

Environmental and biotic factors regulate species abundance and the composition of ecological communities. However, it is difficult to demonstrate principles of community assembly in nature due to observational limitations and historical effects. Numerical simulation can be used to evaluate...

We use mathematical models to describe the interaction of the immune system with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Our model includes T-lymphocytes and macrophages, cells which can be infected with the virus. Using our model we compare the efficacy of AZT treatments given at different...

General equilibrium is timeless, and without outside money, the price system is homogeneous of order zero. Some finite horizon strategic market game models are considered with an initial issue of fiat money held as an asset. For any arbitrary finite horizon, the solution is time-dependent. In...

Physicists have recently begun doing research in finance, and even though this movement is less than five years old, interesting and useful contributions have already emerged. This article reviews these developments in four areas, including empirical statistical properties of prices,...

In this article, we introduce a simple within-brood competitive growth model that maximizes parental fitness in unpredictable food conditions, in species that exhibit parental care, progressive provisioning, and an initial brood overproduction. We argue that competition between siblings may...

This paper provides a unified framework for interpreting a wide range of interactions models which have appeared in the economics literature. A formalization taken from the statistical mechanics literature is shown to encompass a number of socioeconomic phenomena ranging from out of wedlock...