Feynman has shown that a closed, locally interacting quantum system is capable of performing deterministic computation. Fro two finite-size versions of such a computer, the Schrodinger equations are solved analytically. The probability that the comptuer yields a final result upon measurement is...

A correlation analysis will be applied to subspaces of the fitness landscape generated by the synchronization task for one- dimensional cellular automata. This results in a stochastic model that can be used to characterize the correlation structure of those subspaces. The results show that both...

How infectious diseases spread in space within one cycle of an epidemic is an important question that has received considerable theoretical attention. There are, however, few empirical studies to support theoretical approaches, because data is scarce. Weekly reports obtained since 1984 from a...

This paper examines the impact of distance-dependent spatial externalities, referred to as "edge-effect externalities," on free-market equilibrium land use patterns. Under edge-effect externalities, maximization of production possibilities will depend on minimization of landscape fragmentation,...

The technique of approximating the mean path of Markov chains by differential equations has proved to be a useful tool in analyzing the performance of heuristics on random graph instances. However, only a small family of algorithms can currently be analyzed by this method, due to the need to...

We describe a method of implementing efficient computer simulations of immune systems that have a large number of unique B and/or T cell clones. The method uses an implementation technique called lazy evaluation to create the illusion that all clones are being simulated, while only actually...

One of the most popular data sets in ecology, that of lynx fur returns, is analyzed in order to look for evidence for a bifurcation process. This bifurcation seems to be present from the observation of a shift in the amplitude of oscillations of the lynx time series. The possibility for such a...

The emergence of cooperation in Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) games is generally assumed to require repeated play (and strategies such as Tit-For-Tat, involving memory of previous interactions) or features ("tags") permitting cooperators and defectors to distinguish one another. In the Demographic...

While complex adaptive systems (CAS) theories focus primarily on phenomena such as systemic robustness against perturbation, self-organization, and on the emergence, transformation, and dissolution of organizational entities or action patterns, the metaphorical resonance of CAS work is not...

The internalization of norms refers to the tendency of human beings to adopt social norms from parents (vertical transmission) or influential elders (oblique transmission). Authority rather than fitness-enhancing capacity accounts for the adoption of internalized norms. Suppose there is one...