In biological systems higher order hyperstructures seem to occur both in an intuitive and a formal sense. Starting at a molecular level of description we have: molecules, polymers, supramolecular structures, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, etc. but in models and simulations of these systems...

This paper summarizes some of the problems associated with the generation of higher order emergent structures in formal dynamical systems as well as some of the formal properties of dynamical systems capable of generating higher order structures.

Artificial Life and the more general area of Complex Systems does not have a unified theoretical framework although most theoretical work in these areas is based on simulation. This primarily due to an insufficient representational power of the classical mathematical frameworks for the...

We present a new style of molecular dynamics and self-assembly simulation, the Lattice Polymer Automaton (LPA). In the LPA all interactions, including electromagnetic forces, are decomposed and communicated via propagating particles, ``photons.'' The monomer-monomer bond forces, the molecular...

In the study of complex systems---in particular self-organizing systems---the notions of emergence and higher order structures come up. A framework for studying them was given in [1,2] where the notion of a hyperstructures occur both in an intuitive and a formal sense. But in formalizations of...

This paper presents an overview of an approach to address complexity issues and real-life engineering problems in large, urban transportation systems. In this context we discuss the fundamental problem of designing a metropolitan transportation system which is both efficient and controlable.

We use a very simple description of human driving behavior to simulate traffic. The regime of maximum vehicle flow in a closed system shows near-critical behavior, and as a result a sharp decrease of the predictability of travel time. Since Advanced Traffic Management Systems (ATMSs) tend to...

Through conceptual examples and demonstrations, we argue that the symbiotic combination of the Internet and humans will result in a significant enhancement of the previously existing, self-organizing social structure of humans. The combination of the unique capabilities of intelligent,...