In this paper we investigate error-thresholds on dynamics fitness-landscapes. We show that there exists both a lower and an upper threshold, representing limits to the copying fidelity of simple replicators. The lower bound can be expressed as a correction term to the error-threshold present on...

This paper surveys the implications of ``common knowledge'' in interactive epistemology and game theory, with special emphasis on speculation, betting, agreeing to disagree, and coordination. The implications of approximate common knowledge are also analyzed. Approximate common knowledge is...

Current organization theories explain organizational form essentially through selection. That is, instead of focusing on the dynamics of emergence, the field as a whole adopts as its epistemology consequentialism, which emphasizes the relative performances, and hence death rates, of different...

In this paper we assume that parents use the signalling intensity of their young to determine how much food they bring to the nest, and that the pattern of food allocation is determined by the signalling intensity and by the intensity of other non-signalling behaviours that are not preceived by...

RNA folding is viewed as a map assigning secondary structures to sequences. At fixed chain length the number of sequences exceeds by far the number of structures. Frequencies of structures are highly non-uniform: we find relatively few common and many rare ones. Using an algorithm for inverse...

During primary HIV infection the viral load in plasma increases, reaches a peak, and then declines. Phillips has suggested that the decline is due to a limitation in the number of cells susceptible to HIV infection, while other authors have suggested that the decline in viremia is due to an...

Larger countries should have a higher degree of interregional mobility of labor. A model of regional migration is calibrated for the U.S. and Europe in order to asses the importance of this effect. The model is able to replicate the observed patterns. By reversing the sizes, the mobility patters...

The prediction of the complete matrix of base pairing probabilities was applied to the 3' non-coding region (NCR) of flavivirus genomes. This approach identifies not only well-defined secondary structure elements but also regions of high structural flexibility. Flaviviruses, many of which are...

In this paper we describe a number of experiments in which the ideas of multi-cellular evolution are applied to digital organisms in an artificial ecology. The individual organisms are parallel programs in a shared memory virtual computer where evolution by natural selection is shown to lead to...

This paper considers both structural and strategic influences on collective action. Each person in a group wants to participate only if the total number participating is at least her threshold; people use a social network to communicate their thresholds. Results include: cliques form the common...