The standard quantum theory is mathematically incompatible with irreversible macroscopic theories. An alternative irreversible quantum theory is proposed, which also provides an explanation of measurement as a physical process. It is based on the postulate that the physical world is governed by...

In autotrophs all synthetic pathways for amino acids except that for glutamic acid involve a transamination reaction with a glutamate donor. It is argued that these reactions conserve chirality so that the homochirality of glutamate generates 18 amino acids of the same stereospecificity. The...

In a recent study, Ohira and Sawatari presented a simple model of computer network traffic dynamics. These authors showed that a phase transition point is present separating the low-traffic phase with no congestion from the congestion phase as the packet creation rate increases. We further...

I present an algorithm that determines the longest path between every gene pair in an arbitrarily large genetic network from large scale gene perturbation data. As a by-product, the algorithm reconstructs all direct regulatory gene interactions in the network. The algorithm is recursive, and is...

Self-organization was originally introduced in the context of physics and chemistry to describe how microscopic processes give rise to macroscopic structures in out-of-equilibrium systems. Recent research, that extends this concept to ethology, suggests that it provides a concise description of...

Random graph theory is used to model relationships between sequences and secondary structure of RNA molecules. Sequences folding into identical structures form neutral networks which percolate sequence space if the fraction of neutral nearest neighbors exceeds a threshold value. The networks of...

A new model ecosystem consisting of many interacting species is introduced. The species are connected through a random matrix with a given connectivity . It is shown that the system is organized close to a boundary of marginal stability in such a way that fluctuations follow power law...

We analyze the structure of a large metabolic network, that of the energy and biosynthesis metabolism of Escherichia coli. This network is a paradigmatic case for the large genetic and metabolic networks that functional genomics efforts are beginning to elucidate. To analyze the structure of...

In this paper, we construct a computational model of Tiebout competition. We show that the notion that Tiebout competition, as a result of enforcing efficiency, renders institutional arrangements unimportant does not preclude the possibility that political institutions may differ in their...

Many complex systems can be described in terms of networks of interacting units. Recent studies have shown that a wide class of both natural and artificial nets display a surprisingly widespread feature: the presence of highly heterogeneous distributions of links, providing an extraordinary...