Communication plays a vital role in the organization and operation of biological, computational, economic, and social systems. Agents often base their behavior on the signals they receive from others and also recognize the importance of the signals they send. Here we develop a framework for...

This paper presents a Bayesian "correction" to the familiar quadratic loss bias-plus-variance formula. It then discusses some other loss-function-specific aspects of supervised learning. It ends by presenting a version of the bias-plus-variance formula appropriate for log loss.

Our previous work applied neural network techniques to the problem of discriminating open reading frame (ORF) sequences taken from introns versus exons. The method counted the codon frequencies in an ORF of a specified length, and then used this codon frequency representation of DNA fragments to...

Any area of knowledge is structured by an intricate interplay of limits, and joining. An apparently restrictive limit may actually reveal itself as liberating. We discuss the role that limits play in the real world, in our mathematical idealizations, and inthe mappings between them. We propose a...

The information deviation between any two finite measures cannot be increased by any statistical operations (Markov morphisms). It is invarient if and only if the morphism is sufficient for these two measures

Feeding relationships can cause invasions, extirpations, and population fluctuations of a species to dramatically affect other species within a variety of natural habitats. Such strong effects rarely propagate through food webs more than three links away from the initial perturbation. However,...

We propose an extension to time series with several simultaneously measured variables of the nonlinearity test, which combines the redundancy---linear redundancy approach with the surrogate data technique. For several variables various types of the redundancies can be defined, in order to test...

Networks such as ethnic credit associations, close-knit residential neighborhoods, "old boy' networks, and ethnically linked businesses play an important role in economic life but have been little studied by economists. These networks are often supported by cultural distinctions between insiders...

During an immune response the affinity of antibodies that react with the antigen that triggered the response increases with time, a phenomenon known as affinity maturation. The molecular basis of affinity maturation has been partially elucidated. It involves the somatic mutation of immunoglobin...