During the development of a multicellular organism for a zygote, a large number of epigenetic interactions take place on every level of suborganismal organization. This raises the possibility that the system of epigenetic interactions may compensate or ÒbufferÓ some of the changes that occur...

Previous work on coevolutionary search has demonstrated both successful and unsuccessful applications. As a step in explaining what factors lead to success or failure, we present a comparative study of an evolutionary and a coevolutionary search model. In the latter model, strategies for solving...

This paper shows how particle hopping models fit into the context of traffic flow theory, that is, it shows connections between fluid-dynamical traffic flow models, which derive from the Navier-Stokes-equation, and particle hopping models. In some cases, these connections are exact and have long...

By the beginning of the 16th century, the Pueblo people of New Mexico and Arizona were all living in aggregated villages of several hundred to several thousand residents. Although outwardly similar in appearance and culture, there was (and still is) a remarkably diversity in the social and...

A Genetic Algorithm (GA) maintains a population of individuals for the express purpose of improving performance via communication of information between contemporary individuals. This is achieved in a GA through the use of a crossover operator. If crossover is not a useful method for this...

By grouping several sites together into one, a cellular automaton can be transformed into another with more states and a smaller neighborhood; if the neighborhood has just two sites, we can think of the resulting CA rule as a binary operation. We show that if the blocked rule satisfies an...

We jointly address two puzzles, namely what accounts for the evolutionary success of both: (a) individually costly and group-beneficial forms of human sociality towards non-kin; and (b) those group-level institutional structures such as food sharing and monogamy which have emerged and diffused...

In order to evaluate the role of idiotypic networks in the operation of the immune system a number of mathematical models have been formulated. Here we examine a class of B-cell models in which cell proliferation is governed by a non-negative, unimodal, symmetric response function {\it f(h)},...

We study some simple models of disease transmission on small-world networks, in which either the probability of infection by a disease or the probability of its transmission is varied, or both. The resulting models display epidemic behavior when the infection or transmission probability rises...