Biogenesis and Evolution are viewed from the perspective of the universality of the metabolic chart with respect to primary metabolism and the phylogenetic specificity of secondary metabolism. This analysis is developed within the context of the evolution of the universal ancestor through...

Simulation models are becoming increasingly common in the analysis of critical scientific, policy, and management issues. Such models provide a way to analyze complex systems characterized by both large parameter spaces and nonlinear interactions. Unfortunately, these same characteristics make...

We cast some classes of fitness landscapes as problems in spectral analysis on various Cayley graphs. In particular, landscapes derived from RNA folding are realized on Hamming graphs and analyzed in terms of Walsh transforms; assignment problems are interpreted as functions on the symmetric...

Phage display, SELEX and other methods of combinatorial chemistry have become very popular means of finding ligands with high affinities to given targets. Despite their success, they suffer from numerous sources of error and bias, such as very low initial concentrations of species, non-specific...

We report numerical simulations on the number of local minima in the landscape of the Graph Bipartitioning Problem and provide an

Complex architectures grown by simple agents moving randomly on a 3D lattice and depositing bricks deterministically depending on local configurations of bricks are presented. Some of these architectures are strikingly similar to real wasp nest architectures. But most algorithms, in the space of...

This paper presents two Bayesian alternatives to the chi-squared test for determining whether a pair of categorical data sets were generated from the same underlying distribution. It then discusses such alternatives for the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, which is often used when the data sets consist...

Mutation is introduced into autocatalytic reaction networks. The differential equations obtained are neither of replicator type nor can they be transformed straightway into a linear equation. Examples of low dimensional dynamical systems---$n= 2, 3 $, and 4---are discussed and complete...

The mean number (N) of metastable states in higher order short-range spin glasses is estimated analytically using a variational method introduced by Tanaka and Edwards for very large coordination numbers. For lattices with small connectivities, numerical simulations do not show any significant...

A model in which heterogeneous agents form firms is described and empirically tested. Each agent has preferences for both income and leisure and provides a variable input ('effort') to production. There are increasing returns to cooperation, and agents self-organize into productive teams. Within...