used vertical restraints to support collusion. We find that one quarter of a sample of convicted contemporary international … otherwise have undermined collusion. In other cases, distributors themselves had market power and received a share of cartel …

especially vulnerable to distortion through not only corruption but also stable supplier collusion (collusive tendering or bid … supplier collusion, even by a small percentage, can yield significant savings to the public purse and ensure better quality …

first investigate the extent to which collusive agreements are feasible. Secondly, we focus on collusion sustainability in … an infinitely repeated game. We show that, regardless of the degree of cost asymmetry, at least some collusion is always … sustainable. Finally, the degree of collusion is also endogeneised to show that cooperation has an upper bound determined by the …

lowering the prices they offer to customers. These mechanisms create much greater scope for collusion than economic models … unconcentrated the industry becomes. In some instances, lower market concentration makes collusion easier; smaller firms may be more … dependent on collaboration with rivals and thus may be easier to punish if they undercut collusion. These results run directly …