The paper examines the usage of the Renminbi (RMB) as an international payment currency. Globally, the use of RMB remains small, accounting for 2 percent of total cross-border transactions. Using country-level transaction data from Swift** for 2010–21, we find significant regional variations...

We investigate the role of global factors in driving cross-border capital flows. We formulate a model of gross capital flows through the banking sector and derive a closed form solution that highlights the leverage cycle of global banks and its interaction with recipient country characteristics....

Abstract: Seeking a new currency system after Gold Currency System, gravitate towards a new international architecture. This urgency arises from the deep problems and concerns for the future that are created by the crisis. Actually, the reason behind the first BW system's success was hope of...

This paper will propose a plan to reform international finance – the World Financial Authority (WFA) Plan. Under such a plan, the IMF and other existing international financial institutions would be reformed and coordinated around a newly created WFA. The WFA would have two core functions....

This paper looks at three countries that have been hard-hit by the world economic recession, and have turned to the IMF for assistance: Hungary, Latvia, and Ukraine. In all of these countries, it would appear that there were more sensible responses to the crisis that would reduce the loss of...

International reserve accumulation by developing countries is just one example of the puzzling behavior of international capital flows. Capital should flow to where its return is highest, which ought to be where capital is scare. Yet recent data suggest the opposite Ð net capital flows from...

The paper attempts to evaluate whether the international financial architecture is adequate for maintaining the financial stability of the East Asian economies by summarizing the lessons learned from the Asian financial crisis of 1997-1998 and the global financial crisis of 2007-2009 and...

Sovereign default is the switching state between successful and unsuccessful Fund catalysis. We find the IMF to be effective in mobilising private capital flows to middle-income countries that participate in a Fund program, but do not restructure their debt. A debt restructuring is a clear...

In focusing on the 24 month window prior to the onset of the crisis, the criteria for ranking the indicators presented in our related work does not distinguish between a signal given 12 months prior to the crisis and one given one month prior to the crisis. In what follows we examine this issue,...