The shocks in structural vector autoregressive (VAR) analysis are typically assumed to be instantaneously uncorrelated. This condition may easily be violated in proxy VAR models if more than one shock is identified by a proxy variable. Correlated shocks may be obtained even if the proxies are...

The cointegration revolution has had a substantial impact on applied analysis. The methods for conducting this analysis are sketched out, reminding the reader of the ideas underlying them and giving sufficient background for empirical work. The treatment can be used as a textbook for courses on...