Growing internationalization of firms in Asia through participation in global value chains (GVCs) and free trade agreements (FTAs) has focused attention on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Yet there is scant literature on the characteristics of SMEs involved in GVCs and FTAs. Malaysia...

This study reviews the main characteristics of the DS mechanisms featured in selected FTAs in the Americas, namely NAFTA and the U.S. trade deals with Chile, Central America, and the Dominican Republic (CAFTA-DR), and Peru. It first explores the main stages of the dispute, including the...

The aim of this paper is to explore the political dimensions of investment arbitration. What drives the structures and rules of this institution of private-transnational dispute settlement? To define political dimensions and develop the basis of a political explanation of investment arbitration,...

This paper analyzes whether Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) signed between the United States and Latin American countries during the last decade produced higher enforcement of labor regulations. The paper computes before-after estimates of the effect of FTAs on labor inspections and exploits...

Many of the policies that affect international supply chains and associated trade flows are regulatory in nature. Governments generally do not pursue domestic regulation or design trade agreements with a view to support the “trade as production” model by reducing regulatory differences that...

Are economic, social and cultural rights actually taken into account when arbitration or adjudicating bodies (panels or tribunals) seek to solve disputes arising under international economic law (IEL)? The term ‘human rights' is seldom applied in the substantive provisions of trade or...

This study is focused on the changes in import into a market of the Republic of Moldova as well as produced by this the social and an economy effect when there is reformed a trade policy. In this context, under the trade policy reforming we understand the liberalization of trade of the Republic...

The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) negotiation is searching for a “landing zone” – a set of compromises that will allow a deal to be concluded. We assess the potential impact of the TPP based on a “best guess” as to what the landing zone will look like, taking into account such...