We study the impact of adult children's internal migration on the health and subjective well-being of elderly parents … left behind, distinguishing between the gender of the migrant children. To overcome migration endogeneity, we exploit novel … and exogenous variation in children's astrological characteristics and apply instrumental variables methods. We find a …

This study examines the heterogeneous effect of migration on left-behind children's education and labor in Viet Nam … estimate the effect of migration on child education and labor. Since migration also affects household welfare, we also … rural Viet Nam. We find that migration of other family members does not affect a child's decision to attend school directly …

percent for those exposed at school-going ages. Educational gains are much more limited for indigenous children, though grades … probability of international migration of young men, from 3 to 7 percentage points. …